p. 305-309, Chapter 14 Part Two

• Washington accepted uncritically the dominant philosophy of American business when he insisted that everyone had his/or her future in his own hands, the doctrine of triumphant capitalism
• The Negro Business League was organized in 1900 to foster business and industry. It was based on the philosophy that if one could make a better article and sell it cheaper, one could command the markets of the world
• tact, good manners, and resolute will, tireless capacity for hard work would lead to success in business
• the theories of free competition and political individualism advocated free markets
• production was centered so all capital drifted to the top
• many skilled artisan jobs were eliminated by the industrial revolution!
• the industrial urban community was atractive to blacks
• cities offered many advantages for cultural and intellectual growth
• Washington was unquestionably the central figure, the dominant personality in the history of African Americans
• the vast majority of blacks accalimed him as their leader, amd few whites ventured into the matter of race relations without his counsel
• 75 percent of blacks in USA were in the Confederate states in 1880
• South Carolina farm workers were making 1/2 as much as New York factory laborers
• whites did not want to sell land to blacks
• farm demonstration agents helped black farmers to improve their condition
• exodus of blacks from the South in 1880
• minor stampede to Kansas- Henry Adams and Pap Singleton
• Adams claimed to have organized 98,000 blacks to go West
• some blacks considered going to Africa
• vagrancy laws and labor contract laws kept many blacks from leaving the South
• Greener, professor advocated that blacks migrate to escape their oppression in the South
• an exodus would give blacks better economic and educational opportunities and would improve conditions for those still in the South
• 1880s, industrial production took off in the South
• the iron industry was growing in Tennesee and Alabama
• blacks in the South could not get new industrial opportunities
• 1910, many unattractive industrial jobs open up for blacks