End of Chapter 15, Beginning of Ch. 16. P.354 through 362

• The NAACP addressed civil rights concerns but economic empowerment organizations were needed
• Committe For Improving The Industrial Conditions of Negroes, New York > The National Urban League
• the National League Of Colored Women
• Haynes, black graduate student at Columbia University made an extensive study of social and economic conditions among African Americans in New York City, The Negro At Work In New York City
• Haynes went to Fisk University to develop a department of Sociology and to train social workers
• Haynes and Kinckle Jones headed the National Urban League
• Booker T. Washington supported the National Urban League
• assisted newly arrived blacks in their adjustment to city life
• brought employers and employees together
• created program for Social workers and grants to support them economically
• 1906, YWCA's for blacks in Washington, Philadelphia, New York, and Baltimore

efforts to solve local problems: 

• Flanner Settlement House in Indianapolis
• the Model Homes company in Cincinnati
• the NAACP and the National Urban League strived to solve problems broadly

Chapter 16: In Pursuit Of Democracy (p. 357)

World War I:

• unmistakable signs of war were gathering
• Germany and its satellites were more determined than ever to wield a controlling influence in Europe, Africa, and Asia
• when the war came, the American people were wholly unprepared 
• Wilson promised a "New Freedom"
• African Americans were suspicious of Theodore Roosevelt because of his handling of the Brownsville incident
• African Americans did not have any confidence in President Taft
• the NAACP wanted the Progressive Republican party to repeal discriminatory laws and wanted complete enfranchisement for blacks.
• Roosevelt allowed the Southern white delegates to ignore these demands, Bull Moose movement offered little to blacks. 
• Wilson's rhetoric demanded justice for blacks
• blacks were not concerned about tariff or banking reforms
• The Congress of Wilson had proposed many pro-discrimination bills
• proposed: segregated public carriers, exclusion of blacks from the military and the navy, separate accomodations for black and white employees, and the exclusion of all immigrants of African descent. 
• most of the legislation failed to pass(good!), Wilson segregated federal employees and prevented blacks from entering civil service
• Trotter led a group to protest segregation, Wilson dismissed it.
• US invaded Haiti, blacks protested the affront on Haiti's sovereignty
• The Birth of a Nation by antiblack Thomas Dixon was produced, promoted the myth of black emancipation, enfranchisement and debauchery of white womanhood.
• lynchings and other forms of violence increased
• In 1916, Jesse Washington was publicly burned in Waco, Texas before a cheering mob
• Well-to-do Anthony Crawford was mobbed and killed for "imprudence" in refusing to agree to a price for his cottonseed
• 1915: Booker T. Washington died
• Conference in Joel Spingarn's home in Amenia, New York to discuss the plight of african Americans
• 1. abolition of lynching
• 2. enfranchisment
• 3. civil rights laws
• African Americans enlist to fight in World War I
• 20,000 men of 750,000 were black in the armed forces
• for the most part blacks were barred from service
• Col. Charles  Young was forced to retire because of his high blood pressure. He rode to Washington on horseback to prove his fitness but the board denied him. 
• p. 362 begin