Mary McLeod and the National Youth Administration, p. 191-214

• rose from poverty to become one of the nation's most distinguished African American leader
• 3 careers: 1) educator, 2) architect of Florida's Bethune Cookman College, 3) headed the National Council Of Negro Women
• part of the black cabinet for Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• part of the New Deal agency
• Other important advisors: 1) Frank Thune-Housing Specialist, 2) William Hastie-Assistant to the Secretary of war, 3) Robert Weaver- advised on housing and labor, became head of Housing and Urban Development later.
• Weaver-most durable, Hastie resigned because of the military's discrimination, 
• New Deal, first time since Reconstruction that black equality was promoted
• the Fair Employment Practices Act was passed
• the National Youth Administration: Wanted equal black participation
• New Deal, Second Reconstruction
• Roosevelt would not support anti-lynching legislation
• New Deal legislation encouraged racial separation
• Bethune did not demand a de-segregated society
• McLeod wanted more blacks to be appointed to state posts
• her organization prepared blacks for high skill, high wage labor
• her approach did not offend Southern whites
• She believed the NYA should overturn Southern administration decisions
• Bethune put forth a subdued approach consciously
• Sadler and Bethune were the most powerful members of the bureaucracy
• Sadler was more bold, Bethune was more secretive
• Sadler questioned the Roosevelt's position on desegregation
• Bethune was more pragmatic, believed Negroes must receive separate but equal consideration
• Southern teacher's salaries for black and white schools should be the same, Southerners would have to integrate
• failure: did not apply federal standards of equality to the state level often enough
• Southerners would not allow blacks to head integrated work projects
• black funding of local advisory boards gave blacks power in the selection of board members
• black economic, political, and population size had strengthened by the time of the New Deal
• black salaries for directors were low
• Bethune approved discriminatory salaries for black state directors,
• black interests could not be represented by white administrators
• state and local officials were not corresponding on a regular basis
• Bethune, director that cared about black's opportunities